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  • Raoul Dufy
    Jun 3, 1877 - Mar 23, 1953
  • Boats (Bateaux) - Raoul Dufy was a French artist and designer whose paintings and prints portrayed leisure activities and urban landscapes. His distinctive style is characterized by bright colours thinly spread over a white ground, with objects sketchily delineated by sensuously undulating lines. Dufy took as his subjects scenes of recreation and spectacle, including horse races, regattas, parades, and concerts.
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Boats (Bateaux)
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  • Boats (Bateaux)

  • Raoul Dufy
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  • circa 1930
    Oil on canvas
    28 3/4 x 36 1/8 in. (73 x 91.8 cm.)
    Private collection.

    Referring to Dufy’s nautical scenes, Dora Perez-Tibi points out how works such as Bateaux emphasise ‘the expanse of the sea, leaving only a small amount of space to the sky that sometimes mingles with it. Giving the far distance the same degree of definition as the foreground, Dufy uses it as a vertical backdrop with sailboats and steamers attached to it, portrayed with precision, but with no variation in scale according to their real proximity or distance: for the painter it was enough that they should provide a rhythm to the composition with their flags and raised masts. The decorative harmony of the multicoloured flags and the smoke, mingling their coloured arabesques with those of the clouds, contributes to the evocation of an atmosphere of festivity and jubilation’ (D. Perez-Tibi, Dufy, Paris, 1997, p. 152).

    Born to a large family in Le Havre, France in 1877, Dufy expressed an interest in painting from a young age. His upbringing, on the banks of the estuary of the river Seine, had such a profound impact on his artistic vision that he was to later proclaim, ‘I can see the light of the bay of the Seine wherever I am’ (Dufy, quoted in ibid., p. 158). Sure enough, the rich painterly surface of Bateaux has been imbued with a potent alchemy of nostalgia and hometown pride: the saturated blue palette and daintily bobbing boats convey a sense of childlike delight. The colour blue, a symbol of France in its own right, held great significance for Dufy. He provided deeper explanation for this hallmark of his work in a 1951 interview: ‘Blue is the only colour which keeps its own individuality across the spectrum. Take blue with its different nuances, from the darkest to the lightest; it will always be blue, whereas yellow darkens in shadow and fades out in lighter parts, dark red becomes brown and when diluted with white, it isn’t red any more, but another colour: pink’ (Dufy, quoted in P. Courthion, Raoul Dufy, Geneva, 1951, p. 52). Overwhelmed by the wondrous beauty of the Seine, and enamoured with the radiance of the sky, Dufy set out to capture the intensity of colour and light through the medium of paint.

    Light, for Dufy, was ‘the soul of colour’ (Dufy, quoted in J. Lancaster, Raoul Dufy, Washington, 1983, p. 5). He was greatly inspired by the Impressionists, none so much as Claude Monet and Camille Pissarro, and the influence of their rapid, hazy brushstrokes and melding pools of colours on his own sun-drenched leisure scenes is clear. Yet it was Henri Matisse who truly fascinated the artist when, in 1905, he first saw his seminal painting Luxe, calme et volupté of 1904, at the Salon des Indépendants. Seduced and emboldened by its bright and daring Fauvist tones, Dufy transformed the use of colour in his works, experimenting with vivid hues and bold contours, and instilling in his paintings a sense of luminosity. The incandescent brilliance of Dufy’s earlier Fauvist compositions is retained in his more mature style, evident in the vibrancy of colour and loose application of paint. In works such as the present, Dufy masterfully encapsulates the ungraspable, transmutable qualities of glimmering, shimmering water: the essence of its fluidity and movement can be traced within his broad and melting brushmarks. As the artist himself declared, ‘Unhappy the man who lives in a climate far from the sea, or unfed by the sparkling waters of a river! … The painter constantly needs to be able to see a certain quality of light, a flickering, an airy palpitation bathing what he sees’ (Dufy, quoted in D. Perez-Tibi, op. cit., p. 158).

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Other paintings by Raoul Dufy:

Boaters on the Marne
Boaters on the Marne
Boaters on the Thames
Boaters on the Thames
Boats in Le Havre
Boats in Le Havre
Boats in Le Havre (Bateaux au Havre)
Boats in Le Havre (Bateaux au Havre)
Raoul DufyRaoul Dufy was a French artist and designer whose paintings and prints portrayed leisure activities and urban landscapes. He created airy washes of light and shade, into which he would draw bold calligraphic brushstrokes. The artist's experimental use of color was influenced both by Claude Monet and his Fauvist peer Henri Matisse. “Blue is the only color which maintains its own character in all its tones it will always stay blue,” the artist mused. “Whereas yellow is blackened in its shades, and fades away when lightened; red when darkened becomes brown, and diluted with white is no longer red, but another color—pink.” Born June 3, 1877 in Le Havre, France, he enrolled in night classes at the École des Beaux-Arts before studying under Léon Bonnat at the École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts on a scholarship. Dufy first encountered Fauvism at the Salon des Indépendants in 1905, after which he adapted the style to serve his own artistic purposes. During his life, the artist traveled both abroad and within France, painting views of the Mediterranean city of Nice, as well as scenes of horse races and regattas. Throughout the 1920s, Dufy worked in a variety of materials, producing ceramics, tapestry hangings, and large-scale architectural decorations. His commission for the 26th Venice Biennale won him the International Grand Prix for painting in 1952, a year before his death on March 23, 1953 in Forcalquier, France. Today, the artist’s works are held in the collections of the Musée d’Orsay in Paris, the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg, The Museum of Modern Art in New York, and the Art Institute of Chicago.