Promenade des oliviers, 1905
Oil on canvas
Promenade des oliviers is a rare and historic painting by Henri Matisse, dating from the pivotal Summer in Collioure in 1905 which marked the beginning of his crucial Fauve period and led to his becoming one of the prominent leaders of the avant garde of the Twentieth Century. During this time, he abandoned the Divisionism that had earlier characterised his work and instead reached a more expressive and expressionistic means of depicting the world. This is clear in Promenade dans les oliviers in the way that the fields of colour have been rendered with a vivacious energy that recalls the pictures of Vincent van Gogh, lending the entire composition an incredible sense of vitality. The historic nature of this picture is underscored by its notable provenance: this was one of the pictures owned by Michael and Sarah Stein, two of Matisse's most important patrons and indeed friends. The painting featured in a number of photographs of their apartment at 58, rue Madame in Paris as early as around 1907, making it amongst the first works by the artist to enter their outstanding collection, which included numerous masterpieces many of which are now in museums throughout the world.
The rarity of Promenade dans les oliviers relates in part to the fact that Matisse returned to Paris from his 1905 stay in Collioure with only around fifteen canvases, according to Hilary Spurling's biography (see H. Spurling, The Unknown Matisse: A Life of Henri Matisse, Volume I 1869-1908, London, 1998, p. 327). Yet this was one of the most important watershed moments in his entire career, as he wrought himself with angst while plunging into the unknown territory of the then as-yet unnamed Fauvism with which he would come to be so inextricably associated. Indeed, it was in part alongside André Derain, his young protégé, that Matisse painted in Collioure. As is clear from Promenade dans les oliviers and other pictures of the period such as Paysage de Collioure, also known as Etude pour "Le bonheur de vivre", likewise owned by Michael and Sarah Stein and now in the Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, Matisse was boldly dissolving the Divisionism that had hitherto dominated his work and was instead plunging into a more spontaneous means of rendering the world, featuring a far bolder, less restrained palette. The link between these works shows that Promenade des oliviers was one of the paving stones for Matisse's masterpiece of this period, Le Bonheur de vivre, now in the Barnes Foundation, Philadelphia.
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