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  • Raoul Dufy
    Jun 3, 1877 - Mar 23, 1953
  • The Small Wagon - Raoul Dufy was a French artist and designer whose paintings and prints portrayed leisure activities and urban landscapes. His distinctive style is characterized by bright colours thinly spread over a white ground, with objects sketchily delineated by sensuously undulating lines. Dufy took as his subjects scenes of recreation and spectacle, including horse races, regattas, parades, and concerts.
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The Small Wagon
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  • The Small Wagon

  • Raoul Dufy
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  • Le petit wagon, 1905
    Oil on canvas

    Born in 1877, Raoul Dufy was twenty-three years old at the dawn of the 20th century, uniquely poised to experience both the academicism of 19th century painting, epitomized by his lessons at Léon Bonnat's atelier, and the radical innovations of the coming age. At the time the present work was executed, Dufy was living in Paris, working at 31 Quai Bourbon, and associating with Emile-Othon Friesz, Albert Marquet and Georges Braque, among others. Unsurprisingly, the earliest traces of both Fauvism's originality of color and Cubism's advances in form can be witnessed in the paintings of Dufy's early Parisian period.

    The present painting was executed in 1905, the year critic Louis Vauxcelles coined the term "Fauves," designating Henri Matisse, André Derain, Maurice de Vlaminck, Albert Marquet and Henri Manguin the "wild beasts" of that year's Salon d'Automne. It was also the year Dufy saw Henri Matisse's 1904 Luxe, Calme, et Volupté at the Salon des Indépendants. He was profoundly struck by the large painting, declaring it "a miracle of the creative imagination at play in color and line." The striking colors and dappled brushwork--fiery red strokes to the titular car and tree at left--here vividly recall his elder colleague's influence, lingering Impressionist and incipient Fauvist both. In this vein, John Elderfield writes of the present work: "The Railway Wagon of 1905 was undoubtedly motivated by Matisse's mixed-technique Fauvism" (The "Wild Beasts," Fauvism and Its Affinities, op. cit., p. 66). Stimulated by Matisse's innovative stylistic transition, Le petit wagon beautifully encapsulates Dufy's bold advances in style and color.

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Other paintings by Raoul Dufy:

The Red and Blue Quintet
The Red and Blue Quintet
Carnival in Nice
Carnival in Nice
Paris and the Eiffel Tower
Paris and the Eiffel Tower
The Garden (Le jardin)
The Garden (Le jardin)
Raoul DufyRaoul Dufy was a French artist and designer whose paintings and prints portrayed leisure activities and urban landscapes. He created airy washes of light and shade, into which he would draw bold calligraphic brushstrokes. The artist's experimental use of color was influenced both by Claude Monet and his Fauvist peer Henri Matisse. “Blue is the only color which maintains its own character in all its tones it will always stay blue,” the artist mused. “Whereas yellow is blackened in its shades, and fades away when lightened; red when darkened becomes brown, and diluted with white is no longer red, but another color—pink.” Born June 3, 1877 in Le Havre, France, he enrolled in night classes at the École des Beaux-Arts before studying under Léon Bonnat at the École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts on a scholarship. Dufy first encountered Fauvism at the Salon des Indépendants in 1905, after which he adapted the style to serve his own artistic purposes. During his life, the artist traveled both abroad and within France, painting views of the Mediterranean city of Nice, as well as scenes of horse races and regattas. Throughout the 1920s, Dufy worked in a variety of materials, producing ceramics, tapestry hangings, and large-scale architectural decorations. His commission for the 26th Venice Biennale won him the International Grand Prix for painting in 1952, a year before his death on March 23, 1953 in Forcalquier, France. Today, the artist’s works are held in the collections of the Musée d’Orsay in Paris, the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg, The Museum of Modern Art in New York, and the Art Institute of Chicago.