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  • Raoul Dufy
    Jun 3, 1877 - Mar 23, 1953
  • The Window - Raoul Dufy was a French artist and designer whose paintings and prints portrayed leisure activities and urban landscapes. His distinctive style is characterized by bright colours thinly spread over a white ground, with objects sketchily delineated by sensuously undulating lines. Dufy took as his subjects scenes of recreation and spectacle, including horse races, regattas, parades, and concerts.
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  • The Window

  • Raoul Dufy
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  • Saint-Adresse, 1923
    Oil on canvas
    36 1/4 x 28 3/4 in. (92 x 73 cm.)

    In April 1920 Raoul Dufy signed a contract with Galerie Bernheim-Jeune, which in the following year gave the artist his first one-man show, comprised of 57 paintings and 30 watercolors, pastels and drawings. The success of this exhibition led to another one in 1922. His work designing textiles for the Maison Bianchini-Férier kept him in Paris part of the year, but at other times Dufy now had the financial security to travel extensively. Since 1919 he divided his time between Vence in the Midi, and Saint-Adresse near Le Havre on the coast of the English Channel, where he had grown up as a child and painted extensively during his association with Fauvism. In the latter part of 1922 he toured Italy, with an extended stay in Sicily that ended in the spring of the following year.

    These travels made Dufy keenly aware of local variations in light and the possibilities of color. He developed his ideas of couleur-lumière: "Light is the soul of color, without light, color is lifeless" (quoted in D. Perez-Tibi, Dufy, New York, 1989, p. 134). He also began to adapt the methods he used in wood engraving and designing fabrics to his painting. Line and color each retained their particular autonomy, but were allowed to act in concert, creating a dynamic, lively and detailed surface that resonated with intense and vibrant color. As he had done in his fabric designs, he allowed color to bleed past the outlines of forms. He was accustomed to printing on his fabrics different bands of unmodulated color, which he used to create a basic design that was flat overall, but in their tonal contrasts projected the illusion of depth. He discovered that the same ideas could be applied to his paintings, and in the many watercolors and oil paintings he executed during his travels and back in the studio in the early 1920s he quickly perfected these techniques.

    The present painting features the silvery northern light of the Channel at Saint-Adresse. The artist, looking out the window of his hotel room and over the balcony grillwork, has caught sight of fishermen gathering shellfish along the water's edge at low tide. Here Dufy adopts a compositional device favored by various post-Impressionist and Fauve painters, using the sides of the open window to frame the seascape, and exploiting the spatial tension between the interior in the foreground and the view in the distance. In this format the foreground actually extends vertically along the sides of the seascape, which emphasizes the flat, zonal structure of Dufy's composition. He then brings the surface to life by contrasting the drawn elements in each of these compositional bands: the triangular forms of the wavecrests, the rectangular shapes of the shutter slats and window panes, and the curving arabesques in the balcony railing.

    The window as frame occurs frequently in Dufy's works of this period, as it had in many of the still-lifes Picasso painted in Saint-Rapha?l and Paris in 1919 and 1920. In view of Dufy's movements during this period, traveling from place to place and rarely staying in the same hotel room for very long, it becomes a significant metaphor as well as a spatial device. The window reflects the tension between the introspective and subjective interior world of the artist and the outer objective world to which he is perpetually drawn.

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Other paintings by Raoul Dufy:

The Walk in the Woods
The Walk in the Woods
The Wheat Field
The Wheat Field
The Window in Nice
The Window in Nice
The Woman in Pink
The Woman in Pink
Raoul DufyRaoul Dufy was a French artist and designer whose paintings and prints portrayed leisure activities and urban landscapes. He created airy washes of light and shade, into which he would draw bold calligraphic brushstrokes. The artist's experimental use of color was influenced both by Claude Monet and his Fauvist peer Henri Matisse. “Blue is the only color which maintains its own character in all its tones it will always stay blue,” the artist mused. “Whereas yellow is blackened in its shades, and fades away when lightened; red when darkened becomes brown, and diluted with white is no longer red, but another color—pink.” Born June 3, 1877 in Le Havre, France, he enrolled in night classes at the École des Beaux-Arts before studying under Léon Bonnat at the École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts on a scholarship. Dufy first encountered Fauvism at the Salon des Indépendants in 1905, after which he adapted the style to serve his own artistic purposes. During his life, the artist traveled both abroad and within France, painting views of the Mediterranean city of Nice, as well as scenes of horse races and regattas. Throughout the 1920s, Dufy worked in a variety of materials, producing ceramics, tapestry hangings, and large-scale architectural decorations. His commission for the 26th Venice Biennale won him the International Grand Prix for painting in 1952, a year before his death on March 23, 1953 in Forcalquier, France. Today, the artist’s works are held in the collections of the Musée d’Orsay in Paris, the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg, The Museum of Modern Art in New York, and the Art Institute of Chicago.